Showing posts with label dental. Show all posts
Showing posts with label dental. Show all posts

April 22, 2014

France, 1887


1886: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Mkt) = Fr. 40.43


October, 1886: 1 Ozt. platina (SPb: Ore, Mkt) = Fr. 21.10 (8.924 руб)   
October, 1886: 1 Ozt. Pt (SPb: 82% Ore, .999) = Fr. 25.74 (10.884 руб) 

1887: 1 Troy Ounce platina (Ekat.: Cost ~74.8%) = Fr. 8.80 (USD$ 1.675)
1887: 1 Ozt. platina (Ekat.: Spot ~74.8%) = Fr. 20.09 (USD$ 3.824)

1887: 1 Ozt. Pt (Ekat.: Spot, .999 Pt) = Fr. 26.86 (USD$ 5.11)
1887: 1 Ozt. Platinum (SPb: Mkt) ~ Fr. 31.31 - 34.12 (14.25 руб; USD$ 8.29)

1887: 1 Ozt. Platinum (NY: Import, Semi-Mfg.) = Fr. 40.90 (USD$ 7.7840)
1887: 1 Ozt. Platinum (NYC: Import, Semi-Mfg./Wire) = Fr. 40.99 (USD$ 7.80)
1887: 1 Ozt. Platinum (London: Semi-Mfg, Trade) = Fr. 43.75 (~ £ 1.75)  


In 1860/1, a 21 gr Platinum capsule cost Fr. 30.60 (Fr. 35.32/Ozt.) In June 1887 (perhaps 1882!) a 21 gr Platinum capsule cost Fr. 59.25/Ozt.  Assuming the labor Fr. 8.50 (+Fr 1. or nearly 16.50% over the 1860 Labor Cost), Platinum should have been Fr. 1.50/g.

1887?: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Semi-Mfg, Retail)  = Fr  46.66 (USD$ 8.88)
1887?: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Mfg, Retail)  ~ Fr 56.15 (USD$ 10.69) 

1887: 1 Ozt. Platinum (USA: Mfg., NYC Trade) ~ Fr. 50.45 - 60. (USD$ 9.60 - 12.00)

Citation: Notice sur les instruments de précision construits par J. Salleron, Vol. 2, J. Salleron 1861, pp.143-4








October 1887: Prototypes - Additional Expense, Fr 16,341

Prototypes (meters and kilograms) are drawn Iridio-Platinum. The metal is provided by the firm Johnson, Matthey and Co. of London, which alone, it seems, can provide the necessary amount of Platinum. The instruments are completed by the French Section, which delivers them to the international office, located at the Pavilion de Breteuil. After the necessary tests, the office receives them permanently, from any location.  To date, foreign states have requested 40 kilogram weights and 30 rulers. The 40 kgs are nearly complete. The 30 rulers were delivered to the French section, which continues completion. It is estimated that required prototypes shall be distributed in 1888; so it is at this time that the price will be refunded to the French Government, which governs all expenses.  The appropriation is justified and your commission proposes adoption.



Scrap was accepted at Fr 900./Kg. The Kilogramme Standard cost Frcs. 2,150. each; the Metre Standard weighed 3.50 Kgs and cost Fr. 9,500./ea. but sold for Frcs. 9,600.

1873: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Scrap, Credit) = Fr. 27.99
1873-87: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Cost: Mfg, Bulk) = Fr. 66.87
1873-87: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Cost: Mfg, Bulk) = Fr. 84.42
1873-87: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Price: Mfg, Bulk) = Fr. 85.31
1887: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Total Cost, Bulk Mfg) = Fr. 81.73


This work, begun in 1873, did not cease to be continued since but was found delayed by various incidents independent of the willingness of members of the French Section.  Types prepared after laborious operations were not judged acceptable to the Internalional Commission, the work had to be entirely redone; however, it is nearing its end, and the firm of Mathey and Co., with which the Ministry has dealt for making rules and directions to be making masses of meters and kilograms, standards, will shortly have delivered the work in its entirety; additional operations are performed and we can foresee the very next time standards will be presented at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures installed Pavilion Breteuil and responsible for making the final comparisons before final acceptance.

Expenses must be reimbursed by the States to which standards are remitted; but it is the Government of the Republic shall make advance. Already, extraordinary appropriations were for this purpose, at various times, the Ministry of Trade; it is necessary that his administration soon be able to pay the new accounts that will be provided by different suppliers, and it is essential to ask for a date, for this purpose, the budget for the 1887 financial year the opening an extraordinary credit 1. Messrs. Mathey and Co have a supply 30 meters in Iridio-Platinum, each weighing on average 3.500 kgs; metal prices have been fixed by them at past market price, at Fr. 2,000/kg., the expenditure on this account amounted to Frcs. 210,000.

In addition, it is due to them for the manufacture, rightly, Frcs. 2,500 each ruler = Frcs. 75,000 
They also delivered 40 kilograms worth at Frcs. 2,000, each = Frcs. 80,000 
The manufacture is set at Frcs. 150 per kilogram, or = Frcs. 6,000 
Finally, it is appropriate to take account of their waste, which can be evaluated = Frcs. 4,000. 
To ensure uniform composition of the alloy, samples were provided on various occasions, analyzed in Paris, by Mr. Debray of the Institute, and in Brussels by Mr. Stas; it must be allocated for the metal and used a fixed sum of = Frcs. 6,000





Suspect translation from the German, with forex errors?


1887: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Cost: Mfg, Bulk) = Fr. 40.43



Hasenclever's Table, Rhineland price?

Citation: Die Chemische Industrie, 1892 Vol. 15 (1892) p.70




1888: 1 Troy Oz Platinum (Bav.: Alloy; Bulk) = Fr. 40.3438 (ℳ 32.845)




December 10, 2013

Germany, 1836

 

1835: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Germany: Semi-Mfg) ~Thlr. 11. (USD$ 7.74)
 
Citation: Universal-Lexikon der Handelswissenschaften: enthaltend: die Münz-, Maß- und ... August Schiebe (1838) p. 612


Alloy pins for Artificial Teeth: 40% Pt/ 60% Ag
Alloy springs for Artificial Teeth: 31.25% Pd, 31.25% Ag, 31.25% Cu, 6.25% Fe

Citation: Magazin der neuesten Erfindungen, Entdeckungen und Verbesserungen; Vol. 4 (1837) p.92

 

Where 1 Loth = 14.615 g.,

1836/7: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Germany: Ore?, Retail) = Thlr. 10.64 (USD$ 7.82)
1836/7: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Germany: Intrinsic, Retail) = Thlr. 11.70 (USD$ 8.60)   
1836/7: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Germany: Mfg, Ret.) ~ Thlr. 13.83 (USD$ 10.17)
1836/7: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Hypothetical Import COST, Ger. Mfg, Ret.) ~ USD$ 9.50
 
{Unmanufactured?} platinum now costs Thlr. 5 to 5.5 per Loth; in the apparatus-form, in proportion to the work.  All Platinum apparatus can now be purchased not only in Paris but from many other places, especially in Berlin from G. Stoffauer or Luhme; in Frankfurt from Joh. Val. Albert; in Leipzig from Lampe or Sellier; in Göttingen from Apel; but the last apparatus are of bad platinum and are not highly praised.

Citation: Das Hauslexikon: vollständiges handbuch praktischer, Vol. 6 (1837) p.496



Stuttgart c. 1836: Retail Platinum cost half the price of Gold, in jewelry, etc.  


Platinum or White Gold in the middle. Platinum ranges between silver-white or steel gray, it is still difficult and worth half as much {as Gold.}

Citation: Schul-Kalender: ein Normal-Handbuch für Volksschullehrer, Vol. 1 (1837)


Platinum in German dentistry, 1836:



German estimation of Russian mineral production, c. 1836:

Where Gold was estimated Thlr. 230 per Mark; Platinum Thlr. 79.95 per Mark; Silver Thlr. 14.664

Citation: Universal-Lexikon der Handelswissenschaften: Enthaltend: die Münz- ... ;  August Schiebe (1837)
 

Specific Gravity of Platinum  types, Silver Coin:


 



August 25, 2013

UK, 1898: Numismatic value of Early 19th C. Russian Coin & Medal

DSQ

1898: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (NYC: Ingot, Mkt Avg.) = £ 2.64 (USD$ 12.79)


August 1898: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Mkt) = £ 2.50 - 2.80
September 1898: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Mkt) = £ 2.80

Citation: The Electrical Review, Vol. 43 pp.



































c.1897/8: 1 Troy Ounce Platinum (Scrap) = £ 1.99 

Citation: The Electrical Journal, Vol. 41 6/3/1898 p.189


1898: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Ingot, Mkt) = £ 3.675
 
Citation: Engineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 83 6/1/1907 p.1040





c. February 1898: Platinum Price Range?


April, 1898: Platinum Still



Where the estimated value of Platinum was half the Price of Dental Gold,


Where the February 1898 estimated value of a 3-Platinum coin (10.35 Grams, .975 Pure Pt) was £ 1.1250

February 1898: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Coin, Numismatic) = £ 3.38



1898: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Mkt: Intrinsic) = £ 3.0 (USD$ 14.56) 

circa December 31, 1898:




1898: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Mkt: Intrinsic) = £ 3.68 (USD$ 17.84) 


 

Factoring London refining cost (£ 0.0625):

1898: 1 Troy Oz. platina (Australia: Ore, 76.9% Pt) = £ 1.6496 (USD$ 8.00)
1898: 1 Ozt. Pt (Australia: NSW Ore, .999 Pt) = £ 2.145 (USD$ 10.40) 
1898: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Australia: NSW Ore, .999 Pt) = £ 2.21 (USD$ 10.70)

Citation: The Wealth and Progress of New South Wales, 1898-9;Sir Timothy Augustine Coghlan  p.389



Dental Platinum Pin weight:  ~0.02274 g. = ~0.351 grain troy

August 9, 2012

USA, 1880s: Dental Platinum Alloys

DSQ
c.1880s:

In France, "Platinum alloy" with less than 35% Pt was called 'platine au titre' - different dental Platinum alloys by standard weight ranged from 45-66% Pt.

1)  Pt 66.67% / Au 22.22% / Ag 11.11%
2)  Pt 58.33% / Au 16.67% / Ag 25%
3)  Pt 41.67% / Au 25% / Pd 33.33%

Citation: The Metallic alloys: a practical guide for the manufacture of all kinds... William Theodore Brannt (1889)
 


1880: 1 Troy Ounce Platinum (Mkt: Semi-Mfg)  = USD$ 7.97
1881:  1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Mkt: Semi-Mfg)  = USD$ 8.69
1882: 1  Troy Ounce platina (semi-refined) =  USD$ 6.
1883: 1 Troy Ounce of Platinum = $ 10.29

1883: 1 Troy Oz Platinum (refined, mfg, whols./import) = USD$ 6.50 - 7.50
 
c.1884: 1 Troy Oz. of Platinum (disputed low, US ore?) = $  3.- 5. 
c.1884: 1 Troy Oz. of Platinum (semi-refined, retail) = $  8. 
 
c.1884: 1 Troy Oz Platinum (refined, mfg, retail) = USD$ 10.89 - 14.
1884: 1 Troy Oz "Platinum" (generic range: all types) = USD$ 8. - 12.
1884: 1 Troy Oz Platinum (refined, mfg, whols./import) = USD$ 7.50 - 8.50


1886:Troy Ounce Platinum (unmanufactured) =  USD$ 6.
1887:Troy Ounce Platinum (unmanufactured) =  USD$ 7.50
1888:Troy Ounce Platinum (unmanufactured) =  USD$ 6.80
 

1889: 1 Troy Ounce of Platinum = $  8.
October, 1889: 1 Troy Ounce platina = USD$ 17.50
March, 1890: 1 Troy Ounce of Platinum = $ 14.
October, 1890: 1 Troy Ounce of Platinum = $ 20.

 1911; 1918:

1)  White Gold:  ..........................Pt 40% / Au 60%
2)  Cooper's Gold (1) : ......................Pt 18.75% / Cu 81.25%
3)  Cooper's Gold (2) : ......................Pt 29.17% / Cu 66.6% / Zn 4.15%
4)  Cooper's Pen Metal (1) : .............Pt 50% / Ag 37.5% / Cu 12.5%
5)  Cooper's Pen Metal (2) : .............Pt 50% / Ag 37.5% / Cu 12.5%
6)  Cooper's ("Platina") (1) : ............Pt 25% / Ag 70% / Ni 5%
7)  Cooper's ("Platina") (2) : ............Pt 0% / Ag 70% / Co 5% / Pd 25%




Platinum Alloys, generally (cited prior to 1890): "Cooper's Pen Metal"

c.1889:


1888:



c. 1830?
   

c. 1820:


c.1890: Dental Alloy

Platinized Silver Plate was recommended 80% Ag, 20% Pt; Platinized Silver Wire
66.7% Ag, 33.3% Pt


'Platina' just alloy (of Tin) 1880s - 1912: