Showing posts with label Janetty. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Janetty. Show all posts

December 4, 2013

France, 1815

DSQ

Jeannetty was charging Fr. 30./Once in the Summer 1815, when Fonzi announced Platinum for sale at Fr. 22.50/Once, a 25% market-price reduction. (It is not clear here if Fonzi introduced a Silver-Platinum alloy.)

March 1813: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Paris: Wire/Sheet, Retail) = Fr 30.50 (USD 7.52)
July? 1813: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Paris: Mfg, Ret.) = Fr 31.103

Sept. 1815: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Paris: Semi-Mfg, Trade) = Fr 30.50 (USD$ 7.58)
Sept.1815: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Paris: Semi-Mfg, Trade) = Fr 22.88 (USD$ 5.69) 

Giuseppangelo Fonzi (1768 – 1840), an itinerant dentist until settling in Paris (1795), inventor and maker of porcelain teeth on prosthesis in 1806 (affirmed 1807, 1808) the first 'life-like' mineral teeth.  Despite numerous technological innovations, Fonzi had powerful and aggressive enemies among elite Parisian dentists (Dubois-Foucou, Ricci) and became well-versed in political battles among industry competitors.

The gist of the 1816 argument with Georges Janetty (Fils) follows:

a) Janetty claimed his father knew the secret of rendering platina a malleable metal c.1786; b) that Fonzi was purchasing his Platinum until 1814.  
c) Fonzi replied, affirming he'd purchased Platinum from the Janettys since about 1796.  
d) Fonzi was unhappy with the "high price" of Janetty's Platinum by 1812
e) Fonzi accumulated bulk platina from England (c.1812/3?) in addition to scrap
f) Bollman's arrived in England (1814) and then Paris (early 1815?) with the intent to sell an amount of platina plus his own refining technique to Janetty, who rejected the offer.  Fonzi accepted the opportunity to buy Bollman's technique (and platina ore, presumably.) 
g) Fonzi announced his commercial competition in the Platinum trade with handbills, a -25% discount to Janetty's trade price on 9/29/1815. 


 
Dans l'un des articles insérés dans notre numéro du 28 août dernier, et répété le lendemain par le Journal Du Commerce, nous avons dit que M. Fonzi préparait des lingots de platine par une méthode dont les résultats sont constamment parfaits; que c'est à la concurrence qu'il a établie dans le commerce que l'on doit une diminution d'un quart dans le prix de ce métal, et que le premier il en a fait un usage extrêmement étendu dans ses nombreuses applications.


Ces assertions ont trouvé un contradicteur. M. Janety fils nous a écrit il y a quelques jours que, depuis trente ans, son père, auquel il y a succédé, possède le secret de rendre le platine malléable, ainsi que l'art de le travailler, et qu'il n'y a guère que deux ans que M. Fonzi a cessé d'acheter dans l'atelier du père, et ensuite dans celui du fils, le platine malléable qu'il a employé, et qu'il offre maintenant comme le résultat de ses propres travaux. Cette imputation est grave; aussi M. Fonzi, qui en a été instruit par la voie du journal qui avait répété notre article, s'est-il empressé de nous adresser une lettre fort détaillé et fort précise, dont la publicité importe à sa réputation d'honnête homme, et ne sera sans doute pas dénueé d'intérêt pour les personnes qui s'occupent du commerce ou des arts.

Voici la substance de cette lettre. Il est vrai que, depuis vingt ans environ, M. Fonzi achetait dans l'atelier des sieurs Janety le platine dont il avait un besoin indispensable pour la prothèse de la bouche, et pour la confection des dents terro-métalliques dont il est l'inventeur; mais il y a quatre ans que le prix excessif, auquel M. Janety portait le platine, détermina M. Fonzi a tenter de mettre en lingots une certaine quantité de minerai de ce métal qu'il avait tiré d'Angleterre, et il eut bientôt occasion d'apprendre le secret qu'il voulait découvrir. Le docteur Bollman, arrivé Amérique, proposa à M. Janetty de lui vendre le minerai de platine et de lui enseigner le moyen de le rendre malléable par la voie humide, inconnue à M. Janety. Celui-ci ayant refusé, la même offre fut faite à M. Fonzi, qui l'accepta. Les Petites-Affiches du 29 septembre 1815 attestent ce fait; elles attestent aussi que M. Fonzi a établi la concurrence et fait baisser le prix du platine. "Lorsque, par irréflexion sans doute," dit enfin M. Fonzi, "M. Janety affirme que j'ai acheté chez lui le platine que j'offre maintenant comme le résultat de mes travaux, il dit une chose ridiculement contraire a la vérité et l'évidence. Il n'a pas plus de raison de nier que le premier je sois parvenu à faire du platine un usage extrêmement étendu dans ses nombreuses applications.  Pour l'en convaincre, je lui propose et je le défie de présenter de suite, de son côté, tandis que j'en ferai autant du mien, les produits de son industrie à la société d'encouragement,  dont il est membre, et cette société savante et impartiale prononcera entre nous." Cette réponse ne nous laisse pas douter que nous n'ayions rendu à M. Fonzi une justice qui lui était due, et qui ne peut plus lui être contestée que devant le tribunal respectable qu il a lui-même choisi.

In one of the articles appearing in our issue of August 28, and repeated the next day by Le Journal Du Commerce, we said that Mr Fonzi prepared platinum ingots by a method whose results are always perfect; that established  commercial competition which must decrease by 25% the price of the metal, and firstly he has made an extremely wide use in numerous applications.

These assertions have found an opponent. Mr. Janety (Son) wrote us a few days ago that, for the last thirty years, his father, whom he succeeded, has possessed the secret of making platinum malleable, and so the art of that work, and it was scarcely two years that Mr Fonzi stopped buying in the father's and then son's workshop, the malleable platinum he used, and which he now offers as the result of its own work. This charge is serious; as Mr Fonzi, who was informed through the newspaper repeating our item, was quick to send us a very detailed and very precise letter, whose publication is important to his reputation as an honest man, and will probably not be without interest for people working in the trade or the arts.

Here is the substance of this letter. It is true that for about twenty years, Mr Fonzi bought platinum in the shop of Messrs. Janety, which was an indispensable need for the dental prosthesis, and for making terro-metallic teeth, of which he is the inventor; but after four years at the excessive price which Mr. Janety set Platinum go {since the Summer 1811} determined Mr Fonzi try to make ingots from a certain amount of this ore that he had sent from England, and he soon had opportunity to learn the secret that he wanted to find out.  Dr. Bollman, who arrived America, offered to sell platina and teach Mr Janetty the way to make it malleable by the wet-method, unknown to Mr. Janety.  The latter refused, the same offer was made to Mr. Fonzi, who accepted.  Small-Notices of September 29, 1815 demonstrate this fact; also showing that Mr Fonzi established competition and lowered the price of Platinum. "When, thoughtlessness probably," Mr Fonzi  finally said, "Mr. Janety says I bought platinum from him that which I now offer as the result of my work, he says something ridiculous and contrary to the truth and evidence.  He has no more reason to deny that I managed to be the first to use platinum in extremely wide and numerous applications.  To convince him, I have asked him and challenge him to present, for his part, while I'll do the same to mine, products of  his manufacture in the Société d'Encouragement to which he belongs, and this scholarly and impartial body will decide between us."  This response leaves us no doubt that we have paid to Mr. Fonzi justice due to him, and he can no longer be challenged before the respectable court that he has himself chosen.


c. 9/29/1815:
Citation: Le Constitutionnel: journal du commerce, politique et littéraire (3/27/1816) p.3



1816:

It is especially curious that Fonzi was manufacturing Platinum boilers in 1816; perhaps he was a front for Bréant?

J'ai mis recemment en vente une chaudière pour concentrer l'acide sulfurique: cette chaudière est d'une seule pièce et sans soudure. Les amateurs peuvent la voir dans l'atelier de MM. Adolphe et Frédéric, rue de Faubourg du Temple, No. 91.

I recently listed a boiler to concentrate sulfuric acid: the boiler is a single piece and without welding. Fans can see in the workshop of Messrs. Adolphe et Frédéric, Rue Faubourg du Temple, No. 91

Citation: Le Constitutionnel: journal du commerce, politique et littéraire (10/30/1816) p.4



July 1815: A Platinum Medallion "Seconde Entrée du Roi à Paris" from (Bertrand) Andrieu & (Raymond) Gayard: 49.8mm; 150.7 g. (4.845 Ozt) Assumed 0.975 Fine Pt.

7/1815: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Paris: Coined, Estimated mark-up 10%) = Fr 35.09 
7/1815: 1 Medallion Pt (Paris: Est. Mint Price, 4.845 Ozt) ~ Fr 170. (~1.60 Ozt Fine Au)

Lot 459 sold 12/6/2014) for € 30,000. (€ 34,500.; USD$ 42,437.52), 7.3x Bullion Pt Spot and equivalent to 36.45 Ozt Au Bullion. 

12/5/2014, buyers reported paying a numismatic premium of 9.75% ; on eBay 3/3/2015, Platinum Coin sold for USD$ 1,314., a 10.88% Premium over Spot.

12/6/2014: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Spot) = USD$ 1,231.  
12/6/2014: 1 Ozt. Numismatic Platinum (Rarity) = USD$ 8,983.40
 

(The Silver Medallion: 49.8mm; 72.5 g.)

Lot 458 sold 12/6/2014) for € 1,000. (€ 1,150.) ~37.2x the Bullion Ag Spot.


12/6/2014: 1 Ozt. Silver (Spot) = USD$  16.33
12/6/2014: 1 Ozt. Numismatic Silver (Rarity) = USD$ 606.88)


Another Gayrard Platinum Medallion:



May 13, 2011

France, 1790 - 1793

Jeannetty was paid L.T. 10.542/Ozt sometime around 1793.  Assuming his platina was 70% Pt and without calculating the refining cost, 

1793: 1 Troy Ounce platina (ore) = L.T. 10.542
1793: 1 Troy Oz. Pt (.999 Ore) = L.T. 15.06


The French Government purchased 75.038 Kgs of platina for Fr. 8,895

1791-1793: 1 Troy Ounce platina (ore) = L.T. 3.687
 
Assuming a par value 'Franc'/Livre, the French government price paid for platina 1791-93 was rather low:

1791: 1 Troy Ounce platina (ore) = Fr 8.13 (USD$ 1.60)
1792: 1 Troy Ounce platina (ore) = Fr 9.14 (USD$ 1.50)
1793: 1 Troy Ounce platina (ore) = Fr 7.88 (USD$ 1.69) 


Citation: Oeuvres, Vol. 6; Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, France. Ministère de l'éducation nationale (18  ) p.679


















See French Weights:
1) 23/9/1791: "7 Marcs, 6 Onces, 6 Gros" =  61.74 Ozt or Fr 8.13/Ozt.
2) 5/1/1792: 28 Marcs = 220.383 Ozt, etc. or Fr 9.15/Ozt.
3) Date? : 13 Marcs = 102.3 Ozt, etc. or Fr 6.61/Ozt.
4) Date? : 31 Marcs = 244.062 Ozt, etc. or Fr 12.23/Ozt.
5) 25/5/1793 : 226.375 Marcs = 1781.345 Ozt, etc. or Fr 1.5247/Ozt. 


Paid at different rates, the average price paid to Janetty was Fr 10.55/Ozt.




"real or apprehensive; at the same time, everything bought by foreigners, or which can be bought by them, has risen greatly; for instance, the cloth of Abbeville, a French commodity, has risen from 30 livres to 42 livres the aulne"

In 1790, at "45 L.T./Ell" and 1 Livre = £ 0.0365 ∴ 1 English Yard of 'Peignon' cost 37.098 - 39.57 L.T. (=£ 1.354 - 1.44)  

In May 1794, when '24 Livres' cost Fr 50. - 55., an Ell of 'Peignon' cost 3 Louis (£ 2.85)
∴ 1 English Yard of 'Peignon' cost Fr 123.66 - 131.90 (=£ 2.35) ; Fr 56.14 = £ 1.




Had the May 1794 Paris Price of manufactured Platinum likewise risen 62.63% from 1790,

April 4, 2011

France, 1810: Gehlen's opinion

1809: 1 Troy Ounce Platinum (Producer's Price)  = £ 0.80  (Fr 16.)
1810: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (refined, wholesale)  = £ 0.60  (Fr 12.)

1810: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (mfg, retail) = Fr 36.57 (£ 1.8285; USD$ 7.84)
1810: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Scrap, Bid) = Fr 15.24 (£ 0.762; USD$ 3.25)
1810: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (ore, retail?) = Fr 12.19 (£ 0.6095; USD$ 2.60)

c.1811: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (pure, retail) = Fr 30.48 (USD$ 6.53)


Janetty's Platinum was more than twice as expensive as Wollaston's and not better.  Gehlen refers to crucibles purchased five years earlier (c.1806) and there is no mention of price fluctuations for Platinumware throughout this period nor evidence elsewhere.  Though notably different, Wollaston's and Jannetty's prices presumably remained consistent or range-bound for 1805-10, or the involved discussion makes little sense.  

 In 1810, the labor and profit for Paris Platinum was over Fr. 21 per Troy Ounce, an extraordinary markup that soon collapsed with Cuoq's massive importation in 1812.  

Ambiguously, the cited Paris High Price for platina/ore might refer to either a local shortage or the general commodity spike during the Continental Blocus (circa 1806/7); Wollaston never paid nearly so much for platina.  This seems to confirm a general French dependence of British merchants for the Colombian ore, but also suggests the Paris Price Collapse in 1812/3 was driven by reason altogether.  

Donald McDonald (1960) erroneously transcribes the Number 3>5 (a common typographic confusion with 19th C. documents)  quoting Gehlen : "Janety 'charges 56 francs per ounce and only pays 15 francs for old platinum' (33). He goes on to remark 'the difference is a little steep! Raw platinum can be bought in Paris for at most 12 francs per ounce' in 1812."

This peculiar printing and confusion of the numeral (3>5) occurs as late as the 1850s in some primary sources.  There's also no record of the refined price rising 20% ('36 Francs per Ounce') before a well-known Paris Price Collapse in 1813.  The unmanufactured refined Pt price was Fr 31./Troy Ounce in late 1810 or early 1811.


Citation: Journal de physique, de chemie, d'histoire naturelle et des arts, Vol. 75; François Rozier (1812) p.186


Allgemeine Handlungs-Zeitung: mit den neuesten Erfindungen und ..., Vol. 20 (1813) p.675
Citation: Jahrbuch der Chemie und Physik, Vol. 7 (1813) p.309

AF Gehlen:
" The chemist may be connected to Mr. Leithner consider more so than some now, and that at moderately price, a pot, etc. of platinum will be able to provide, where the opportunity is not as open to like, to let it come to much dear prices of Janety in Paris. In addition, I must note after several experiences, that Mr.Janety seems not to be very far advanced in the art of working the platinum , or at least, that the success of the exercise is not always the same. I found here in the physical cabinet in front of a platinum crucible, which has held for five years, virtually indestructible, even though he was constantly and heavily used, and not once has a bent rim. Others I received from him since then, have been nowhere near as good, and one of them, which was manufactured against the appointment without bending of the rim, got a few months to several places of the edge cracks, which are at least 0.5 inches hineinerstreckten. That Janety's not quite pure platinum Sey, is evident from its spec. Weight. I have a piece to a square Zain forged from pure platinum Wollaston near 2:25 oz weight. This showed me a spec. Weight of 21:04, a parallelepiped piece Janety'schen platinum, however, of more than four ounces of the hold only 20.01.
...
An even greater difference than in the purity is between price of platinum from Wollaston and Janetty.  From the former, it costs twelve shillings the ounce, the latter extracts 36 francs an ounce and credits scrap platinum only 15 francs.   The difference is a bit steep.  You could get crude platina in Paris up to 12 francs the ounce.  You thereby have enough to fix it yourself and yet still have extra metal. That mentioned above Janety's platinum I would not have if it had not been a most disgusting improvement of the given order that purified platinum purchased instead of raw platina."







Mr. Guyton Mouveau of the Institute. -1810. - The Platinum of Santo Domingo was identified in the sands of the River Jaki, in the foothills of Sibao in the eastern part of Santo Domingo, it is there found in small flattened grains, as observed in the gold sands of Choco, Santa Fe, The Peru, but they are usually a little bigger.  These sands also contain some gold.  We owe this knowledge to Mr. du Bizy, Surgeon-Major.  Some hectogrammes of ore, after having undergone a mild calcination, were washed under sulfuric aci, by Mr. Jannety, and they revealed a few flakes of gold.  Société Philomathique, 1810, page 77.  Annales de chimie, same year, Volume 73, page 334. 




February 10, 1810:

M. Janety has presented to you:
( 1 ) Ten platinum medals of the same diameter but of different types.
(2) A bucket shaped vessel 189 millimetres in diameter and 135 millimetres deep
that has been flattened and hammered until it weighs only 160 grammes.
(3) A retort with neck capable of holding 1 litre and weighing only 800 grammes.





February 1810: Platinum was predicted to become 25% the Price Of Gold in a few years.

 The Platinum just found in Spain and Santo Domingo is becoming more common every day in trade and which must necessarily diminish value; we can, from this, think {Platinum} in the next few years will be in ratio less than  1 to 4 the price of gold.






Aaron Burr, resident in Paris, went to Janetty's for Platinum for a dental operation with Dr. Nicholas Fonzi.  Patients purchased their own Platinum and deposited 'in kind' with the illustrious dentist.  In all likelihood, the same amount of Platinum wire required for each tooth.


 
December, 1810:

Citation: The private journal of Aaron Burr, during his residence of four years in Europe,  Vol. 2;  Aaron Burr, Matthew L. Davis




London, 1812: Burr apparently bought Platinum at the shop of Percival Johnson (Maiden Lane, Wood-Street) for repairs to Fonzi's Platinum denture.









April 29, 2010

France, 1814: Platinum Price Drop, Cornered Market

DSQ 

c.1812: The Joint Venture of Cuoq & M. Bréant


In 1812, Cuoq & Courturier imported & stockpiled a large quantity of platina. Around the same time, M. Bréant's discovery of Wollaston's method inaugurated a great development for French manufactures. This combination signaled the end of the philosopher-artisan period in Platinum's history.

The establishment of proper factory, cheaply producing & merchandising refined Platinum, led to a 50% price drop within two years. Unable to complete economically, Wollaston ended his Platinum business in 1820.

The drop in manufactured (retail) platinum prices in France was profound, but stable.

c. 1812: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Paris: Wire) = Fr 30.48 (~£ 1.61; USD$ 6.51)

1812: 1 Ozt. Platinum (UK: Wire) ~ Fr. 15.92 (£ 0.8355)
1812: 1 Ozt. Platinum (scrap) = Fr. 15.24 (£ 0.80; USD$ 3.01)
1812: 1 Ozt. Platinum (UK: scrap) ~ Fr. 4.75 (£ 0.25)


1814: 1  Ozt. Platinum (US First Base Price) =  Fr. 20.576
 
1817: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Mfg.) = Fr. 18.29 (USD$ 3.617)
1817: 1 Ozt. Platinum (Refined) = Fr. 15.24 (USD$ 3.01)



Citation: Annales de l'industrie manufacturilere, agricole ..., Vol. 2, Issues 4-6 (1827) p.133


Citation: Journal de pharmacie et des sciences accessoires (1817) p.142




1814: "Janety fils" no longer using the arsenic method of purification


c. 1826
Citation: Traité complet de l'art du dentiste d'après l'état actuel des connaissances...; F. Maury (1828) p.430



1814-26: Jean-Robert Bréant begins processing 3,100.025 kgs of platina from the Spanish Crown (stockpile of Casa de Platina) = 99,668 Ozt platina @ 72% pure = 71,761 Ozt Pt (2,232 Kgs.)

Assuming 12 years of work, Bréant produced 5,980 Ozt (186 Kgs) per year, or 15.5 Kgs per month.

Citation: Industrie des métaux précieux ; Honoré Théodoric P.J. d' Albert (1854)

  



1827: Historical reference (to 1812-17) and Louvre Ingot of 1827


c.1815/6:
The Paris retail price platina had fallen from a High of Fr 162.71/oz circa 1757.

Citation: The Journal of science and the arts, Vol. 3 ; Royal Institution of Great Britain (1818) p. 259

 

Cuocq's biography