Showing posts with label weight. Show all posts
Showing posts with label weight. Show all posts

November 19, 2013

Russia: Weights




St. Petersburg, 1840:
 
1 Фунт = 32 лота = 96 золотников
1 Фунт =  409.5174 g, 13.16627 Ozt
1 золотни = 4.26580625 g, 0.137148857 Ozt, 65.83145 Grains

Citation: 1838 Annuaire du Journal des mines de Russie (1840)
 



Heidelberg, 1829:

1 Фунт =  408.9786 g, 13.148967 Ozt

1 золотни = 4.26019375 g, 0.13696841 Ozt, 65.744836 Grains

1 Gram = 0.2347311082 золотни
1 Ounce Troy = 7.300953484 золотни, ~ 7.3 золотни

Note Error in Calculation of Gram-Weight, below!

Citation: Handbuch de Naturlehre; G. W. Muncke (1829) pp.147-8




Heidelberg, 1843:



France, 1848, citing Gmelin:


 


1 Poud = 526.64409 English Troy Ounces = 43.887 Troy Pounds (12 Ozt.) = 36.113 Lbs. avoirdupois.

1 Funt = 13.1661177 Ozt. = 1.09717647 Troy Lbs. (12 Ozt.) = 0.90281 Lbs. avd.

1 Poud = 526.64409 English Troy Ounces = 43.887 Troy Pounds (12 Ozt.) = 36.113 Lbs. avoirdupois.

1 Funt = 0.409512031 Kilograms = 0.835833 French Poids de Marc = 13.37332471 Once.  
 



1840:





Russia: 1 Funt = 13.1665 Ozt
1 Ozt = 7.2912 Zolotnik

November 7, 2013

Colombia: Weights

On average, 1 Onza = 0.9243 English Troy Ounce.

1 Libra = 460.020416 Grams = 14.79 Ozt = 1.01417145 Lbs avd.

 1 Libra = 460.033 Grams = 14.7904163 Ozt = 1.0142 Lbs avd.


"1.08333 Libra = 500 Grams" 1 Libra = 461.54 Grams = 14.839 Ozt = 1.01752 Lbs avd.
(1 Onza = 0.927428247 Ozt.?)

 



1 Libra = 460.124 Grams = 14.793 Ozt


1 Libra = 460 Grams = 14.7893436 Ozt = 1.0141264 Lbs avd. (1 Onza = 0.924334 Ozt.)

1 Libra = 460.05 Grams = 14.79096 Ozt = 1.01424 Lbs avd. (1 Onza = 0.924435 Ozt.)





Where the castellano weighed 70.935 English Troy Grains (~0.14778 Troy Ounce), 

1 Libra = 459.65 Grams = 14.778125 Ozt. = 1.0134 Lbs avd. (1 Onza = 0.923632813 Ozt.)
 
1 Marca, Gold = 7.39729167 Ozt. (or 8 Onzas x 0.924661459 Ozt.)
1 Onza, Gold = 0.924583 Ozt.

Spanish Weights:



S$/Libra S$/Ozt S$/Lb.avd. S$/Kg.
S$ 0.75 S$ 0.0507 S$ 0.739 S$ 1.63
S$ 1.00 S$ 0.0676 S$ 0.986 S$ 2.17
S$ 1.25 S$ 0.0845 S$ 1.232 S$ 2.72
S$ 1.50 S$ 0.1014 S$ 1.479 S$ 3.26
S$ 1.75 S$ 0.1183 S$ 1.725 S$ 3.80
S$ 2.00 S$ 0.1352 S$ 1.972 S$ 4.35
S$ 2.50 S$ 0.1690 S$ 2.465 S$ 5.43
S$ 2.60 S$ 0.1758 S$ 2.563 S$ 5.65
S$ 2.75 S$ 0.1859 S$ 2.711 S$ 5.98
S$ 3.00 S$ 0.2028 S$ 2.958 S$ 6.52
S$ 3.50 S$ 0.2366 S$ 3.451 S$ 7.61
S$ 4.00 S$ 0.2704 S$ 3.944 S$ 8.69
S$ 5.00 S$ 0.3380 S$ 4.929 S$ 10.87
S$ 6.00 S$ 0.4056 S$ 5.915 S$ 13.04
S$ 7.00 S$ 0.4732 S$ 6.901 S$ 15.21
S$ 8.00 S$ 0.5408 S$ 7.887 S$ 17.39
S$ 9.00 S$ 0.608 S$ 8.873 S$ 19.56
S$ 10.0 S$ 0.676 S$ 9.859 S$ 21.74
S$ 11.0 S$ 0.744 S$ 10.84 S$ 23.91
S$ 12.0 S$ 0.811 S$ 11.83 S$ 26.08
S$ 13.0 S$ 0.879 S$ 12.82 S$ 28.26
S$ 14.0 S$ 0.946 S$ 13.80 S$ 30.43
S$ 15.0 S$ 1.014 S$ 14.79 S$ 32.60
S$ 16.0 S$ 1.082 S$ 15.77 S$ 34.78
S$ 17.0 S$ 1.149 S$ 16.76 S$ 36.95
S$ 18.0 S$ 1.217 S$ 17.75 S$ 39.12
S$ 19.0 S$ 1.284 S$ 18.73 S$ 41.30
S$ 20.0 S$ 1.352 S$ 19.72 S$ 43.47
S$ 21.0 S$ 1.420 S$ 20.70 S$ 45.64
S$ 22.0 S$ 1.487 S$ 21.69 S$ 47.82
S$ 23.0 S$ 1.555 S$ 22.68 S$ 49.99
S$ 24.0 S$ 1.622 S$ 23.66 S$ 52.16
S$ 25.0 S$ 1.690 S$ 24.65 S$ 54.34
S$ 26.0 S$ 1.758 S$ 25.63 S$ 56.51
S$ 27.0 S$ 1.825 S$ 26.62 S$ 58.69
S$ 28.0 S$ 1.893 S$ 27.61 S$ 60.86
S$ 29.0 S$ 1.961 S$ 28.59 S$ 63.03
S$ 30.0 S$ 2.028 S$ 29.58 S$ 65.21
S$ 31.0 S$ 2.096 S$ 30.56 S$ 67.38
S$ 32.0 S$ 2.163 S$ 31.55 S$ 69.55
S$ 33.0 S$ 2.231 S$ 32.53 S$ 71.73
S$ 34.0 S$ 2.299 S$ 33.52 S$ 73.90
S$ 35.0 S$ 2.366 S$ 34.51 S$ 76.07
S$ 36.0 S$ 2.434 S$ 35.49 S$ 78.25
S$ 37.0 S$ 2.501 S$ 36.48 S$ 80.42
S$ 38.0 S$ 2.569 S$ 37.46 S$ 82.59
S$ 39.0 S$ 2.637 S$ 38.45 S$ 84.77
S$ 40.0 S$ 2.704 S$ 39.44 S$ 86.94
S$ 41.0 S$ 2.772 S$ 40.42 S$ 89.11
S$ 42.0 S$ 2.839 S$ 41.41 S$ 91.29
S$ 43.0 S$ 2.907 S$ 42.39 S$ 93.46
S$ 44.0 S$ 2.975 S$ 43.38 S$ 95.63
S$ 45.0 S$ 3.042 S$ 44.37 S$ 97.81
S$ 46.0 S$ 3.110 S$ 45.35 S$ 99.98
S$ 47.0 S$ 3.177 S$ 46.34 S$ 102.
S$ 48.0 S$ 3.245 S$ 47.32 S$ 104.
S$ 49.0 S$ 3.313 S$ 48.31 S$ 107.
S$ 50.0 S$ 3.380 S$ 49.29 S$ 109.



1 Libra (2 Marcos) = 460.086 Grams = 14.7921086 Ozt = 1.0143 Lbs avd.
1 Libra (2 Marcos) = 459.813076 Grams = 14.7833 Ozt = 1.014 Lbs avd.
1 Libra (2 Marcos) = 460.9795 Grams = 14.821 Ozt = 1.0163 Lbs avd.
 




1 Libra = 467.65 Grams = 15.0353 Ozt = 1.031 Lbs avd.




According to von Humboldt (erroneously):
"100 Libras = 53.845 Kgs." 1 Libra = 538.45 Grams = 17.31157 Ozt = 1.1871 Lbs avd.
 






























April 23, 2012

Colombia, 1828

The Colombian Treasury had been accumulating platina since 1821. Cost-basis and total reserves are unknown, but these numbers are broadly consistent with the Paris market price ratio relative to prior years.

Where the castellano weighed 70.935 English Troy Grains (~0.14778 Troy Ounce),

June 1, 1827 - June 30, 1828, where 885.48 English Troy Ounces (27.54 kgs.) @ S$ 600.

Fiscal Mid-Year 1827-28 : 1 Troy Oz. platina (Colombian Treasury) = S$ 0.6776

Citation: Gaceta de Colombia, No. 347, 24 August 1828:



March, 1828: 21,343.9 castellanos = 3,154.2 Troy Ounces.

Citation: Gaceta de Colombia, No. 347, 18 May 1828:

1828/9: As no Platinum coins were issued from Colombia, 'platina en especie' must refer to crude ingot.  In 1827/8, the refining cost alone was estimated at S$ 0.41 per Troy Ounce, well above the value cited here.

In June 1828, the Colombian Treasury held 3,847.6 Troy Ounces (or 199.68 kilograms) but sold 160.1 libras (2,368.2 Troy Ounces or 73.66 kgs.) for S$ 633., at an average price of:

July 1, 1828-June 30, 1829: 1 Troy Oz. platina (ore at ~75%?) = S$ 0.2673 
1828: 1 Troy Oz. platina (Chocó 75% ore at purity) = S$ 0.3564
1828 : 1 Troy Oz. Pt (est. Refining Cost) = S$ 0.41
1828: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Est) = S$ 0.7664

January 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.369
February 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.362
March 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.360
April 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.333
May 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.326
June 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.327
July 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.3175 
August 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.3158
September 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.380
October 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.295
November 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.275
 December 1828: Ore @ ~S$ o.265

Citation: Gaceta de Colombia, Issue 425, 9 August 1829



Mid-August 1828 : 1 Troy Oz. platina (Colombian Treasury) = S$ 1.081477
Mid-August 1828 : 1 Troy Oz. platina (w/Export Cost) = S$ 1.14907
....  £ 0.25854, Fr. 6.0326, USD$ 1.2168


1828: where 1 libra @ S$17. = £ 3.825, Fr. 89.25, USD$ 18.00 (premium on Spanish specie & Silver, factored) so 1 Kilogram @ S$ 36.94, £ 8.321, Fr 193.95, USD$ 39.12

OTHER. The current day (12 August 1828) in the Treasury of the City Government House at the corner of Calle Florian, opposite the University, with its salesroom. Also auctioned some pounds of platinum, priced not be less than 16 Pesos/libra, and most buyers must also pay for the export duty per libra weight.  Individuals who want to bid may come with cash at 11:00 in the morning  until 12:30, when the auction closes.

Citation: Gaceta de Colombia, Issue 425, 9 August 1829



By a Decree of 14 March, 1828, platina was exported at the tariffed rate of S$ 1. per libra.

From a decree by March 14, 1828, the following changes and additions have been made to the above Decree:
{...}Platinum. Purification and mint platinum could not be carried out until now, the prohibition of platinum output, delivered by Art. 5 of the Act of March 13, 1824, is revoked. Therefore, it can be exported through the specific duty of one piastre per libra.

Citation: Archives du Commerce, ou Guide des commerçans, recueil de tous ..., Vol. 9-10



By a Decree of 23 December, 1828, platina was exported at the rate of S$ 2. per libra.



1828: Gabriel-Pierre Lafond de Lurcy describes how inland traders with Guayaquil used gold dust & platina as currency. The value of platina was therefore a great concern to locals, who sought to understand the commodity's demand in distant markets.

Citation: Voyages autour du monde et naufrages célèbres, Vol. 2 ; Gabriel Lafond de Lurcy


A lavadero might find 1-2 castellanos (S$ 2. - 4.) of Gold dust per day:

1828 : 1 Troy Oz. Gold (Source: Chocó ore) = S$ 13.52 (Fr 67.60)





Berzelius' analysis of Chocó (Barbacoas) ore.



With ports-of-call, shipping time from Cartagena to New York was ~5-7 weeks.  The direct route was 3 weeks.



March 12, 2011

Platinum Foil, Weight by inch


1881: 10 cm² (1.55 Sq. In.) Platinum Foil = 11 - 13.2 Grams (169.75 - 203.70 Grains) 
1 Sq. In. = 109.5 - 131.4 Grains (7.1 - 8.51 Grams)  
∴ 0.516 - 0.619 mm thick (~B.P.G # 9, #10)

∴ 1 Ozt Platinum Foil (~B.P.G # 9, #10) = 3.65 - 4.383 Sq. In. (23.56 - 28.28 cm²)



Jacob R. Elkfeldt's estimation, circa 1870?

1 Cubic Inch of Gold weighing 10.167 Ozt = 316.231 Grams, so
1 Cubic Centimeter of Gold weighing 0.62 Ozt = 19.3 Grams

1 Cubic Inch of Silver weighing 5.532 Ozt = 172.061 Grams, so
1 Cubic Centimeter of Silver weighing 0.338 Ozt = 10.5 Grams

1 Cubic Inch of Platinum weighing 11.33 Ozt = 352.32 Grams, so
1 Cubic Centimeter of Platinum weighing 0.69 Ozt = 21.5 Grams





Queen's 1888 Catalogue (p.261) tabled the weight of Platinum Foil per square inch.

Thickness                            Weight
{"very thin" ~                          = 0.2581 grammes ....................(3.983 grains) }


.001 inch per sq. in. .............. = 0.400 grammes ....................(6.173 grains)
.0015 inch per sq. in. ............ = 0.525 grammes ....................(8.102 grains)
.002 inch per sq. in. .............. = 0.65 grammes ......................(10.03 grains)
.0025 inch per sq. in. ............ = 0.775 grammes ....................(11.96 grains)
.0031 inch per sq. in. ............ = 0.9 grammes ........................(13.89 grains)
.0035 inch per sq. in. ............ = 1.25 grammes ......................(19.29 grains)
.005 inch per sq. in. .............. = 1.8 grammes ........................(27.78 grains)  {B.P.G. #2}
.01 inch per sq. in. ................. = 3.5 grammes .......................(54.01 grains)  {B.P.G. #4}
.0179 inch per sq. in. ............. = 6.25 grammes ....................(96.45 grains)  {B.P.G. #8.5}
.0319 inch per sq. in. ........... = 11.15 grammes ....................(172.1 grains)   {B.P.G. #11.5}
.05 inch per sq. in. ............... = 17.5 grammes ......................(270.1 grains)   {B.P.G. #16}
.064 inch per sq. in. ........... = 22.4 grammes .......................(345.7 grains)   {B.P.G. #19}

The 18th Edition (n.d.) of Bullock & Crenshaw's Catalogue of Chemical, Physical, and Pharmaceutical Apparatus (c. 1888) lists Platinumware from Joaquim Bishop & Co. 

p. 121:
'687. Platinum Foil, .001, weight about 6 grains, per sq. in.'  (0.388 grams)
'688. Platinum Foil, .002, weight about 10 grains, per sq. in.' (0.648 grams)

An English textbook mentions very thin foil, actually tissue (0.0007?): 
10 cm2 = 1.55 sq. in @ ~0.4 Grams ; 1 sq. in = 0.2581 Grams

Citation: Exercises in practical chemistry: Elementary exercises, Vol. 1 Augustus G. Vernon-Harcourt, Henry G. Maddan (1869)
 
 
Assuming 'Thin Foil' a sheet 6 Sq.In. would weigh ~ 2.4 Grams; a 12" x 12" Sheet (144 Sq. In.) would weigh 57.60 Grams (1.852 Ozt)

Medium Foil "~1 Gram per Sq. In." =  13.58 Grains = 0.88 Gram
Medium Foil "~0.75 Gram per Sq. In." =  10.05 Grains = 0.65 Gram
Thin Foil "? Gram per Sq. In." =  6.173 Grains = 0.4 Gram

  




Eimer & Amend 1920:
 
Heavy Foil "1.0 Gram per Sq. In." = 15.43 Grains 
Medium Foil "0.75 Gram per Sq. In." =  11.57 Grains
Thin Foil "0.50 Gram per Sq. In." =  7.7 Grains 
Extra Thin Foil "0.25 Gram per Sq. In." = 3.86 Grains