Showing posts with label battery. Show all posts
Showing posts with label battery. Show all posts

August 5, 2014

Germany, 1856

1856:  1 Troy Oz. Platinum (NYC, Semi-Mfg, Trade) = Rthlr. 16.44 ($12.)

1856: 1 Troy Ounce Platinum (Berlin, Semi-Mfg, Retail) = Rthlr. 12.77 ($ 9.32)


Citation: Preiss-Verzeichniss chemischer, pharmaceutischer, physicalischer;  W. J. ROHRBECK (1856)
 


p.120 Platinum Wire, Thlr 6./Loth



p.69
Spoons Thlr 1.5 - 4.
Spoons Thlr 2. - 5.
Spoons Thlr 5. - 12.



p.50



p.5 Evaporating Basins: Intrinsic (excluding workmanship)




p.98 Crucibles: Intrinsic (excluding workmanship) 
 


p.101 Spatulas: Intrinsic (excluding workmanship)



Platinum Weights




Batteries:
For 10-Elements, the mid-size Copper-Zinc 6-Element should cost Thlr. 16.70 (Fl. 29.23) or Fl. 2.9225 (USD$ 1.22) per element. 

For 10-Elements, the mid-size Platinum-Zinc 6-Element (24 Quadratzoll) should likewise cost Thlr. 65. (Fl. 113.75) or Fl. 11.375 (USD$ 4.74) per element, a Platinum sheet ~11 Sq. In. (7.25 in. x 1.50 in. = ~70.2 cm2) with 22 Sq. In. (~140.4 cm2) surface area.







A study by Prof. Carl Kuhn of München, where 1 Element (Grove's type Platinum-Zinc Battery) costing Fl. 12./Thlr 6.86 with a Platinum Foil of 12-Quadratzoll (71 cm² or 11.00 in2 and 22 in2 surface) ; Fl. 12 = USD$ 5.

Assuming 24 Quadratzoll (Bavaria) = 22 in2 double-sided surface area, equivalent batteries in different materials should reveal the cost per in2 of Platinum Foil.  (In Berlin, for the 10-Element as described, the Platinum would have a marginal cost of Fl. 85, rather than Fl. 95 as Kuhn states.)

Eine Platinzinkbatterie aus 10 Elementen zusammengefaßt kostet, wenn jede Platinplatte etwa 24 Quadratzoll Oberfläche hat, gegen 120 Gulden; eine solche Batterie, wobei die Oberfläche der Platinplatte jeden Elementes etwa 16 bis 18 Quadratzoll hat wird um den Preis von 80 Gulden hergestellt (87) während eine aus 10 Elementen zusammengefaßt Kupferzinkbatterie nach meiner Einrichtung kaum 25 Gulden, eine Kohlenzinkbatterie unter denselben Umständen etwa um die Hälfte mehr kostet, und die Unterhaltungskosten einer Kohlenzinkbatterie, wie auch einer Platinzinkbatterie höher sind, als die der Kupferzinkbatterie. Aus diesen und noch manchen anderen Gründen möchte die Kupferzinkbatterie für die vorliegenden Zwecke in der Praxis die vortheilhafteste Kette sehn.


A Platinum-Zinc battery of 10 combined elements costs, if the platinum plate has about 141.974 cm² surface, Fl. 120.; another such battery, wherein the surface of the platinum plate each element has approximately 94.65 - 106.5 cm² surface, is made at for of Fl. 80 (87) whereas a 10-element combined copper-zinc battery for my device hardly costs Fl. 25, in the same circumstances a carbon-zinc battery  costs more by about half, and the maintenance costs of a carbon-zinc battery, as well as a platinum zinc battery is higher than that of copper-zinc battery. For these and many other reasons, the copper-zinc battery should be seen for present purposes in practice as the most advantageous in the series.

87 Oechsle, Price list of Physical instruments. Braunschweig 1855 S. 10th -- Stohrer's Price List 2c. . Leipzig 1856, pp. 16 -- Gruel's Price List. Berlin 1856 2c.


Citation: Polytechnisches Journal. Hrsg. Von Johann-Gottfried Dingler, Vol. 145 No. 5 (1857) p.354




Compare the Gressler Catalogue of 1851/2: same prices.




Citation: Preis-Courant von Eduard Gressler zur Erfurt, Theil 1 (1855/6)?







Platinum Wire, Fine: 
















 

Frankfurt Price:

Citation: Verzeichniss der physikalischen, optischen, chemischen und andern Instrumenten und Apparaten; J. Wilhelm ALBERT (1856) 









July 18, 2014

UK, 1853

Edward Wolstenholme Ward (E.W. Ward) was named Captain in 1852; he was sent to New South Wales, Australia in 1854.  His earlier report (as a Lieutenant) included Portsmouth retail Platinum prices (1850).

1850: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Portsmouth, UK: Sheet, Whols.)  = £ 1.60 (USD$ 7.79)

1853: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Semi-Mfg, Ret.) = £ 1.40 (USD$ 6.50)
1853: 1 Troy Oz. Gold (Semi-Mfg, Ret.) = £ 4.25 (USD$ 19.73

1853: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Paris: Semi-Mfg, Ret.) ~ £ 1.86 (Fr 46.65)

1855: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Semi-Mfg, Trade) = £ 1.30 (USD$ 6.36)

Foil Battery, ea.: Pt 1.73 Grams/ 26.66 Grains Troy = £ 0.2611 (USD$ 1.21) 
Sheet Battery, ea.: Pt 9.41 Grams/ 145.2 Grains Troy = £ 0.5917 (USD$ 2.75) 

Dalgleish Pt Battery, ea.: Pt 25.815 Grams/ 398.4 Grains Troy = £ 1.462 (USD$ 6.79)  

Grove's Battery:
Where One Box was 7" long x 4" wide x 4" tall, factoring case, each cell should have been 2" x 2" wide (x4" tall?), with ~145 Grains Troy (~9.41 Grams)

1853: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Semi-Mfg, Ret.) = £ 1.35 (USD$ 6.27)
     Citation: Papers on Subjects Connected with the Duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers, Vol. 4 (1855)


 



1853: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (Mfg., Ret.) = £ 1.75 (USD$ 8.51)

Citation: Transactions, Vol. 1, ; North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, p.453


1853:





Commercial value of platina : ~50% Gold.



1852/3: 1 Troy Oz. platina (Ore, Retail) = £ 0.823 (USD$ 4.0)

1852/3:
Citation: Rheinisches Mineralien-Comptoir: Catalogue of mineralogical, geological... A. Krantz (1853)
 



c.1855: "Rhodium" (Iridium) for Pen Points











March 11, 2014

UK, 1846



In 1845, refined & manufactured Platinum retailed 4x higher than refined Silver and 1/6 the Price of Fine Gold. The wholesale ratio Pt & Ag appears the same.

1843: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (semi-mfg, whols.) = £ 1.20 - 1.75 (USD$ 5.76 - 8.38)


1845: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (UK Mkt: 75%) = £ 1.125 (USD$ 5.47)
1845: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (UK Mkt: 75%) = £ 1.125 (USD$ 5.47)


1846: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (StPb: Refined, Mint) = £ 1.1051 - 1.1052
 
1846: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (UK Mkt: Intrinsic) = £ 1.50 (USD$ 7.294)
1846: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (UK Mkt: Intrinsic) = £ 1.60 (USD$ 7.78)

1846: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (UK Semi-Mfg, Whols.) = £ 1.75 (USD$ 8.51)
1846: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (UK Mfg, Whols) = £ 2.10 (USD$ 10.21)
 
1846: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (UK Semi-Mfg, Ret.) ~ £ 1.85 (USD$ 9.)
1846: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (UK Mfg, Ret.) ~ £ 2.35 (USD$ 11.42)

1846: 1 Troy Oz. Silver (Sterling) = £ 0.25
1846: 1 Troy Oz. Silver (pure) = £ 0.28
1846: 1 Troy Oz. Silver (mfg, retail) = £ 0.45


Citation: The British quarterly review, Vol. 4 ; Robert Vaughan (1846) p.91





Refined Platinum was sold 6x higher than Silver ore.




Refined Platinum was sold retail about half the 'common price' of Gold:

Citation: A technological dictionary: explaining the terms of the arts, sciences ...W. M. Buchanan (1846) p.572




1845: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (semi-mfg, Retail) = £ 2.00 (USD$ 9.74)
1845: 1 Troy Oz. Silver (semi-mfg, Retail) = £ 0.50 (USD$ 2.44)
1845: 1 Troy Oz. Gold (semi-mfg, Retail) = £ 12.00 (USD$ 58.32)

Citation: A treatise on optical drawing instruments. Also A method of preserving... Charles Varley (1845) pp. 96,101








Artinsal platino-silver vase, c.1844: exorbitant rate or weight.


Newman's 1845 listed no price for Platinum, but the Platinum blowpipe was 2.78x more expensive than the Silver. It would be a mistake to think these different PM items were the same size or weight. Adjusting for mass/weight (2.05x greater for Pt) Silver = 10.49 grams per cubic centimeter and Platinum = 21.5 grams per cubic centimeter.

Less volatile manufactured Silver prices known, the Silver blowpipe weighed <56 grams (to perhaps an ounce and a half, troy) and the Platinum 'Wollaston's Pocket blowpipe' likely weighed <37 grams (to a troy ounce or so.)

1845: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (mfg, whols) = £ 2.10
1845: 1 Troy Oz. Silver (mfg, 9s. 9d. Stowe's Catalogue price) = £ 0.50

Citation: A treatise on optical drawing instruments. Also A method of preserving, (1845) pp. 96,101



Newman's 1852 & 1856 Catalogues had identical prices for "Platinum Plates"; likewise estimated, ~ 2 troy oz. or less.

1856: 1 Troy Oz. Platinum (semi-mfg, whols.) ~ £ 1.60

Assuming Grove's Sheet Battery, ea.: Pt 9.41 Grams/ 145.2 Grains Troy = £ 0.55 (USD$ 2.70), nearly the same price as 1853 elsewhere. 

1852: 




















c. 1845/6:

In 1846 Nicholas J. Callan published a paper entitled On a new voltaic battery;  in a Grove's Battery, he replaced a Platinum Foil with a piece of lead (0.15875 cm x 5.08 cm x 7.62 cm = 6.14515 cm³) "the same size." The Platinum Foil at 6.14515 cm³ and a presumed density of 21.37 (21.37 Grams per cm³), the "same size" foil should weigh ~ 131.3218 Grams or 4.22 Ozt. At B.P.G. 18, 2" x 3" Platinum should weigh 4.15 Ozt.

For "nearly £ 3." this amount of Platinum was excessively "cheap" and probably far too thick for typical Battery use. Instead, the foil might be half as thin and weigh 2.11 ozt.

1846: 1Troy Oz. Platinum (Foil, Estimate) ~ £ 1.60


Citation: The Farmer and Mechanic, Vol. 1; Ed. William Holt Starr 10/21/1847 p.507
 

"One square foot" is normally understood to mean 144 square inches (Sq In) : as the double-sided area of a single foil would be 72 sq. in. per side = 8.45" x 8.45", 6" x 12", etc.

Assuming 'Thin Foil', a 12" x 12" Sheet (144 Sq. In.) would weigh 57.60 Grams (1.852 Ozt)

In the correct calculation however, "12 Square Inches" of area (or 6 sq.in. per side) should be a foil 3.464" x 3.464", 2" x 3", etc.


Grove's Battery, 1840s?